Demography is the study of human populations – their size, composition and distribution across place – and the process through which populations change. Births, deaths and migration are the ‘big three’ of demography, jointly producing population stability or change. A population’s composition may be described in terms of basic demographic features – age, sex, family and household status – and by features of the population’s social and economic context – ethnicity, religion, language, education, occupation, income and wealth. The distribution of populations can be defined at multiple levels (local, regional, national, global) and with different types of boundaries (political, economic, geographic). Demography is a central component of societal contexts and social change.
Global Trends in Natural Population Increase
A “natural population increase” occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate. While a country’s population growth rate depends on the natural increase and on migration, world population growth is determined exclusively by the natural increase.
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| Population Growth Rates |
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